Only 51% of the population of the United States is completely vaccinated as of August 2021. According to a poll done by the Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research, 64 percent of unvaccinated Americans surveyed said they had little to no faith in the vaccines' ability to protect them against COVID-19 variations, especially the highly transmissible delta form.
Eighty-six percent of people who have been vaccinated believe the vaccines are effective. From a psychological standpoint, people who believe the vaccine is successful see a causal link between obtaining the vaccine and not becoming sick, whereas those who believe the vaccine is ineffective see these two events—getting the vaccine and contracting COVID—as random and unrelated. What is the reason for this? Some people feel that their actions (such getting vaccinated) have an impact on the outcome (preventing sickness). These people have a high score on the "internal locus of control" component, which suggests they believe things happen to them in part because of their own activities. While some people feel that things happen to them by coincidence, fate, or some other tremendous force, they have no influence over this. These people have a high “external locus of control” score, which suggests that outcomes are out of their hands. Controlling One’s Environment There are a variety of reasons why people have a high internal or external locus of control. However, one of these causes has to do with how people organise their everyday tasks. People who schedule their duties around the time (meal at 8:00 a.m., walk the dog at 8:30 a.m., go for a run at 9:00 a.m., etc.) regard these tasks as largely independent of one another. After all, one can either exercise before taking the dog out or take the dog out before eating. People regard their environment as being made up of distinct events that aren't necessarily linked together as a result of their imagined independence. People who schedule their tasks based on an internal sense (event-timers) of when they are ready to start a task (eat when hungry) or when the preceding activity is completed (take the dog out after I eat), on the other hand, regard their tasks as interdependent. After all, taking the dog for a walk is contingent upon finishing breakfast. This interdependence (or lack thereof) between tasks leads to the notion of either attributing a result to oneself or attributing a result to chance or luck. My colleague and I conducted a research in which people played a few rounds of blackjack to see if this was true. Both the dealer and the player (participant) are dealt two cards in this card game. The player sees his or her own cards as well as one dealer card. The player is then offered the option of requesting more cards. When the player is pleased with the cards, the dealer exposes his or her additional card and continues to take cards until the total reaches 17 or above. The hand is then won by the person who has the most points but does not exceed 21. We chose this game because it has both a skill and a luck component. Individuals with a high external locus of control will blame their success on luck, whereas those with a high internal locus of control will blame it on their abilities. Indeed, we discovered that participants who were induced to schedule in a "clock-time" manner ascribed their success to chance more than those who were induced to schedule in a "event-time" manner.
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September 2021
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